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Aorta
Aortic arch
Aortic laceration
Right brachiocephalic artery
Common carotid artery, left
Subclavian artery, left
Esophagus
Esophageal mucosa
Trachea
Tracheal bifurcation
Tracheal mucosa
Hemorrhage
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1. Sort through the anatomy. Identify the esophagus, esophageal mucosa, posterior tracheal membrane, trachea, tracheal mucosa, tracheal bifurcation, right and left mainstem bronchi, descending aorta, aortic arch, right brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery.
2. What is the cause of death?
3. How is the cause of death related to the accident?
4. Reflect on the external exam and initial body opening (Part 1). How likely is it that the internal injuries (inside the chest) were related to external trauma?
5. How much trauma would you expect at 10 mph, 20 mph, 30 mph, 40 mph, 50 mph from a motor vehicle accident?
6. Are there any circumstance in which you could have massive internal bleeding with minimal external trauma?
7. Are there any circumstances in which you could have massive external trauma and minimal internal injury?
8. What in the patient’s history might help understand the case?
9. How would your understanding of the case change if the patient was intoxicated at the time of the accident?
10. How do you put this case together?
11. For the aorta to tear open as a result of trauma, what would the patient’s rib cage likely have looked like in Part 1.
12. What are acceleration/deceleration injuries?
13. What are some examples of events that could cause acceleration/deceleration injury?
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14. What are common anatomic locations that experience acceleration/deceleration injuries?
15. Can the aorta tear from an acceleration/deceleration injury?
16. How fast would someone need to go — or what scenario would fit — to have an acceleration/deceleration injury to their aorta?
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