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1. What’s the difference between a dialysis shunt, graft and fistula?
 
 
2. What are common complications of each?
 
 
3. This patient had three operations for dialysis access. Each clotted and stopped working. How might this relate to the patient’s clinical history?
 
 
4. What is a HeRO graft?
 
 
5. What are some common causes of kidney failure?
 
 
6. What emergencies can be associated with kidney failure?
 
 
7. What emergencies can be associated with dialysis?
 
 
7. How does an arteriovenous fistula work?